Wednesday, 13 November 2013

Wireless Communication - Free Study Material

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION
Seventh Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC 2401 - WIRELESS COMMUNICATION



Free Study Material (contains pages directly taken from the text books and references)

Syllabus
UNIT I 
SERVICES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
Types of  Services,  Requirements for  the  services,  Multipath  propagation,  Spectrum Limitations,  Noise  and  Interference  limited  systems, Principles of  Cellular  networks, Multiple Access Schemes.

UNIT II 
WIRELESS PROPAGATION CHANNELS  
Propagation Mechanisms (Qualitative treatment), Propagation effects with mobile radio, Channel Classification, Link calculations, Narrowband and Wideband models.

UNIT III 
WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS
Structure of a wireless communication link, Modulation and demodulation – Quadrature Phase  Shift  Keying,  /4-Differential  Quadrature  Phase  Shift  Keying,  Offset-Quadrature Phase  Shift  Keying,  Binary Frequency Shift  Keying,  Minimum  Shift  Keying,  Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying, Power spectrum and Error performance in fading channels. 

UNIT IV 
SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS 
Principle  of  Diversity,  Macrodiversity,  Microdiversity,  Signal  Combining  Techniques, Transmit  diversity,  Equalisers-  Linear  and  Decision  Feedback  equalisers,  Review  of Channel coding and Speech coding techniques.

UNIT V 
ADVANCED TRANSCEIVER SCHEMES
Spread Spectrum Systems- Cellular Code Division Multiple Access Systems- Principle, Power  control,  Effects of  multipath  propagation  on  Code  Division  Multiple  Access, Orthogonal  Frequency Division  Multiplexing  –  Principle,  Cyclic Prefix,  Transceiver implementation,  Second  Generation(GSM,  IS–95)  and  Third  Generation  Wireless Networks and Standards

TEXT BOOKS:
1.  Andreas.F. Molisch, “Wireless Communications”, John Wiley – India, 2006.
2.  Simon  Haykin  &  Michael  Moher,  “Modern  Wireless Communications”,  Pearson Education, 2007.

REFERENCES:
1.  Rappaport. T.S., “Wireless communications”, Pearson Education, 2003.
2.  Gordon L. Stuber, “Principles of Mobile Communication”, Springer International Ltd., 2001.
3.  Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Engineering Graphics - Anna University Previous Year Question Paper

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION
First Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
GE 2111 - Engineering Graphics
(Regulation 2008)


Free Download

Wednesday, 6 November 2013

Antenna & Wave Propagation Anna University Previous Year Question Paper

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION
Sixth Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC 2353 - ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(Regulation 2008)


Free Download

Sunday, 22 September 2013

High Speed Networks - Question Bank


High Speed Networks
2 mark questions
Unit -1                       
1.    Types of frame relay messages
2.    Atm applications
3.    Encoding techniques followed in fast Ethernet
4.    What does the term asynchronous indicate atm network
5.    Difference between X.25 packet switching and frame relay networks
6.    Access method used by wireless LAN
7.    List the levels of fiber channel and the functions of each level
8.    Virtual path identifier and virtual connection identifier
9.    Cell switching
10. Frame relay networks are faster than X.25 networks.  Justify this statement

Measurements & Instrumentation - Question Bank



Measurements & Instrumentation
2 mark questions

L-1
1.    A 0-150V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1 percent full-scale reading.  The voltage measured by this instrument is 83V.  Calculate the limiting error in percent.
2.    Difference between a primary and secondary standard
3.    Significance of measurements
4.    Compare moving coil with moving iron instruments
5.    Which meter is useful for measuring only DC quantities?
6.    Draw the circuit of Wien Bridge and its phasor diagram under balance
7.    Error
8.    Distinguish between attraction and repulsion type instrument
9.    Distinguish between accuracy and precision
10. Two conditions to be satisfied to make an ac bridge balanced
11. In a wheatstone bridge, a change of 6 ohm in the unknown arm of the bridge is required to produce a change in deflection of 2.4 mm of the galvanometer.  Determine the sensitivity and deflection factor
12. Basic elements of generalized measurement system
13. Precision
14. Measurement and classification
15. Calibration
16. Different types of errors
17. An ac bridge has the following constants.  AB=1 kohm, parallel with C=159 nF, BC=I kohm, CD=500 ohm, DA=0.636 microF in series with an unknown resistance.  Find the value of the resistance in an DA to produce balance
18. Draw the circuit of Wien’s bridge and its phasor diagram under balance
19. Transfer instrument
20. Basic elements of generalized measurement system
21. Any four static characteristics of a measuring system
22. Accuracy
23. Differentiate zero drift and span drift
24. Distinguish between active and passive instruments
25. Advantages of electronic instruments
26. Basic requirements of measurement
27. Applications of dynamic characteristics of instruments
28. Precision is a necessary but not sufficient condition for accuracy.  True or false – justify your answer
29. How is the absolute ampere determined
30. Standard and different types of standard in measurement
31. Static error and classification of static error
32. Define the international standard for ohm


L-2
1.    Parameters measured using CRO
2.    Use of delay line
3.    Draw the internal structure of CRT and list its functions
4.    Significant problems with diodes when used for RF rectification
5.    Sweep voltage in an oscillator and where it is applied
6.    Vector meter and applications
7.    Q-meter and applications
8.    Deflection sensitivity (of CRT)
9.    Vector voltmeter and application
10. What is the velocity of electrons that have been accelerated through a potential of 2000V?
11. Basic principle of delayed time base oscilloscope
12. Vector impedance meter and applications
13. Two significant problems with diodes when used for RF rectification
14. Applications of CRO
15. Basic principle behind the working of Q-meter
16. Two modes of operation of dual trace oscilloscope
17. Main parts of CRT
18. How is the electron beam focused to a fine spot on the face of the cathode ray tube
19. Fluorescence
20. Principle of dual beam oscilloscope
21. Principle of sampling oscilloscope
22. Deflection system is required for dual beam oscilloscope
23. Characteristics of probes used in CRO
24. Difference between digital and analog oscilloscopes
25. Justify – ‘A CRO can be regarded as a X-Y recorder’.
26. Disadvantages of storage cathode ray tube
27. Aquadag and its purpose
28. Internal structure of CRT and list its functions
29. Applications of digital storage oscilloscope
30. Need for Q-meter
31. List the source of error that affect measurement accuracy of Q-meter
32. Applications of Q-meter


L-3
1.    Wave analyzer
2.    Use of attenuator in sine wave generator
3.    Barkhausen criteria for sinusoidal oscillation (sustained oscillation)
4.    Draw the block diagram of spectrum analyzer
5.    Need for isolation between the signal generator output and oscillator and how can be this done
6.    What is the maximum frequency and resolution for an analyzer using a 1.5 s window and a 1500 KHz sample rate?
7.    Classification of signal generators
8.    Harmonic distortion
9.    Requirements of signal generators
10. What is the dynamic range of a spectrum analyzer if the noise level of the display is equal to -80 dB and two -10 dB signal produce third order intermodulation products that just appear above the noise?
11. In a sweep frequency generator, two oscillators, one with frequency range of 3 GHz to 5 GHz is heterodyned with a second oscillator having a fixed frequency output of 3 GHz.  What is the range of output frequency?
12. Signal sources and  the desirable characteristics of a signal
13. THD
14. List different instruments used as signal analyzers
15. Any four features of sweep frequency generator
16. Frequency synthesis using indirect method
17. A signal is sampled for 4 seconds at 20 kHz rate using 10 bit conversion.  Calculate the dynamic range, spectral frequency and resolution
18. How does placing a fixed attenuator ahead of a spectrum analyzer affect the third order intercept and noise figure
19. Heterodyne principle
20. Distortion factor (total harmonic distortion)
21. Harmonic distortion
22. Use of distortion meter
23. Spectrum analyzer
24. Real time spectrum analyzer
25. Drawbacks of tuned circuit analyzers
26. Applications of wave analyzers
27. Difference between network analyzer and spectrum analyzer
28. Function of an attenuator in a signal generator
29. Rise time and fall time of a pulse
30. Draw the simplified block diagram of a sweep frequency generator
31. Any three applications of frequency synthesizer


L-4
1.    Advantages of DVM
2.    Components required for a computer-operated test system
3.    Advantages of digital instruments over analog instruments
4.    Different types of digital voltmeter
5.    A frequency meter with 1 MHz clock source is used for measuring the time period of input wave.  Determine the measured time period when 1560 pulses are registered on the display.
6.    Ways to extend the frequency range
7.    A digital frequency counter which has a 3-digit display, gated period of 10 milliseconds, is selected to measure an unknown frequency.  The reading is 045.  What is the frequency of the system?
8.    Advantages and disadvantages of PDM recording
9.    Need for multiple period measurement
10. Classification of digital voltmeter
11. Different guarding techniques used in digital instruments
12. Resolution and sensitivity of DVM
13. A digital voltmeter has a read out range from 0 to 9999 counts.  Determine the resolution of the instrument in volts when the full scale reading is 9.999 V
14. Virtual instruments
15. Requirements of computer controlled systems (automatic test systems)
16. Draw the block diagram for computer controlled testing for an audio amplifier
17. Draw the block diagram for computer controlled testing for a radio receiver
18. Difference between analog and digital instruments
19. Essential parts of a ramp-type digital voltmeter
20. Additional features found on individual digital multimeters
21. Principle of ramp type DVM
22. How prescalar can be use to extend range of frequency counter
23. Why period mode preferred for measurement of a very low frequency in a frequency counter
24. Importance of gate time in frequency counter
25. How is trigger time error reduced


L-5
1.    Data loggers
2.    What is the velocity of light in a glass with an index of refraction of 1.38?
3.    Draw the block diagram of Digital Data Acquisition System
4.    Key features of fully automatic digital instruments
5.    Handshake signals in the IEEE 488 bus system
6.    Applications of OTDR
7.    Data acquisition system
8.    Compare analog and digital data acquisition systems
9.    Numerical aperture
10. Data acquisition system
11. How much loss will be experienced if a fiber of numerical aperture of 0.3 is the source for a fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.242?
12. Basic operating principle of digital tape recording
13. Three-state bus transceiver
14. Distinguish between active and passive transducers
15. List any 4 causes of power loss in fiber-optic cables
16. Need for multiplexing and how is it classified
17. Any three instruments used in computer controlled instrumentation
18. Specify the analog data acquisition systems element
19. Handshake singles in IEEE 488 bus system
20. Necessity of digital interface
21. IEEE 488 bus system
22. Multiplexing