Measurements &
Instrumentation
2 mark questions
L-1
1.
A
0-150V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1 percent full-scale
reading. The voltage measured by this
instrument is 83V. Calculate the limiting
error in percent.
2.
Difference
between a primary and secondary standard
3.
Significance
of measurements
4.
Compare
moving coil with moving iron instruments
5.
Which
meter is useful for measuring only DC quantities?
6.
Draw
the circuit of Wien Bridge and its phasor diagram under balance
7.
Error
8.
Distinguish
between attraction and repulsion type instrument
9.
Distinguish
between accuracy and precision
10.
Two
conditions to be satisfied to make an ac bridge balanced
11.
In
a wheatstone bridge, a change of 6 ohm in the unknown arm of the bridge is
required to produce a change in deflection of 2.4 mm of the galvanometer. Determine the sensitivity and deflection
factor
12.
Basic
elements of generalized measurement system
13.
Precision
14.
Measurement
and classification
15.
Calibration
16.
Different
types of errors
17.
An
ac bridge has the following constants.
AB=1 kohm, parallel with C=159 nF, BC=I kohm, CD=500 ohm, DA=0.636
microF in series with an unknown resistance.
Find the value of the resistance in an DA to produce balance
18.
Draw
the circuit of Wien’s bridge and its phasor diagram under balance
19.
Transfer
instrument
20.
Basic
elements of generalized measurement system
21.
Any
four static characteristics of a measuring system
22.
Accuracy
23.
Differentiate
zero drift and span drift
24.
Distinguish
between active and passive instruments
25.
Advantages
of electronic instruments
26.
Basic
requirements of measurement
27.
Applications
of dynamic characteristics of instruments
28.
Precision
is a necessary but not sufficient condition for accuracy. True or false – justify your answer
29.
How
is the absolute ampere determined
30.
Standard
and different types of standard in measurement
31.
Static
error and classification of static error
32.
Define
the international standard for ohm
L-2
1.
Parameters
measured using CRO
2.
Use
of delay line
3.
Draw
the internal structure of CRT and list its functions
4.
Significant
problems with diodes when used for RF rectification
5.
Sweep
voltage in an oscillator and where it is applied
6.
Vector
meter and applications
7.
Q-meter
and applications
8.
Deflection
sensitivity (of CRT)
9.
Vector
voltmeter and application
10.
What
is the velocity of electrons that have been accelerated through a potential of
2000V?
11.
Basic
principle of delayed time base oscilloscope
12.
Vector
impedance meter and applications
13.
Two
significant problems with diodes when used for RF rectification
14.
Applications
of CRO
15.
Basic
principle behind the working of Q-meter
16.
Two
modes of operation of dual trace oscilloscope
17.
Main
parts of CRT
18.
How
is the electron beam focused to a fine spot on the face of the cathode ray tube
19.
Fluorescence
20.
Principle
of dual beam oscilloscope
21.
Principle
of sampling oscilloscope
22.
Deflection
system is required for dual beam oscilloscope
23.
Characteristics
of probes used in CRO
24.
Difference
between digital and analog oscilloscopes
25.
Justify
– ‘A CRO can be regarded as a X-Y recorder’.
26.
Disadvantages
of storage cathode ray tube
27.
Aquadag
and its purpose
28.
Internal
structure of CRT and list its functions
29.
Applications
of digital storage oscilloscope
30.
Need
for Q-meter
31.
List
the source of error that affect measurement accuracy of Q-meter
32.
Applications
of Q-meter
L-3
1.
Wave
analyzer
2.
Use
of attenuator in sine wave generator
3.
Barkhausen
criteria for sinusoidal oscillation (sustained oscillation)
4.
Draw
the block diagram of spectrum analyzer
5.
Need
for isolation between the signal generator output and oscillator and how can be
this done
6.
What
is the maximum frequency and resolution for an analyzer using a 1.5 s window
and a 1500 KHz sample rate?
7.
Classification
of signal generators
8.
Harmonic
distortion
9.
Requirements
of signal generators
10.
What
is the dynamic range of a spectrum analyzer if the noise level of the display
is equal to -80 dB and two -10 dB signal produce third order intermodulation
products that just appear above the noise?
11.
In
a sweep frequency generator, two oscillators, one with frequency range of 3 GHz
to 5 GHz is heterodyned with a second oscillator having a fixed frequency
output of 3 GHz. What is the range of
output frequency?
12.
Signal
sources and the desirable
characteristics of a signal
13.
THD
14.
List
different instruments used as signal analyzers
15.
Any
four features of sweep frequency generator
16.
Frequency
synthesis using indirect method
17.
A
signal is sampled for 4 seconds at 20 kHz rate using 10 bit conversion. Calculate the dynamic range, spectral
frequency and resolution
18.
How
does placing a fixed attenuator ahead of a spectrum analyzer affect the third
order intercept and noise figure
19.
Heterodyne
principle
20.
Distortion
factor (total harmonic distortion)
21.
Harmonic
distortion
22.
Use
of distortion meter
23.
Spectrum
analyzer
24.
Real
time spectrum analyzer
25.
Drawbacks
of tuned circuit analyzers
26.
Applications
of wave analyzers
27.
Difference
between network analyzer and spectrum analyzer
28.
Function
of an attenuator in a signal generator
29.
Rise
time and fall time of a pulse
30.
Draw
the simplified block diagram of a sweep frequency generator
31.
Any
three applications of frequency synthesizer
L-4
1.
Advantages
of DVM
2.
Components
required for a computer-operated test system
3.
Advantages
of digital instruments over analog instruments
4.
Different
types of digital voltmeter
5.
A
frequency meter with 1 MHz clock source is used for measuring the time period
of input wave. Determine the measured
time period when 1560 pulses are registered on the display.
6.
Ways
to extend the frequency range
7.
A
digital frequency counter which has a 3-digit display, gated period of 10
milliseconds, is selected to measure an unknown frequency. The reading is 045. What is the frequency of the system?
8.
Advantages
and disadvantages of PDM recording
9.
Need
for multiple period measurement
10.
Classification
of digital voltmeter
11.
Different
guarding techniques used in digital instruments
12.
Resolution
and sensitivity of DVM
13.
A
digital voltmeter has a read out range from 0 to 9999 counts. Determine the resolution of the instrument in
volts when the full scale reading is 9.999 V
14.
Virtual
instruments
15.
Requirements
of computer controlled systems (automatic test systems)
16.
Draw
the block diagram for computer controlled testing for an audio amplifier
17.
Draw
the block diagram for computer controlled testing for a radio receiver
18.
Difference
between analog and digital instruments
19.
Essential
parts of a ramp-type digital voltmeter
20.
Additional
features found on individual digital multimeters
21.
Principle
of ramp type DVM
22.
How
prescalar can be use to extend range of frequency counter
23.
Why
period mode preferred for measurement of a very low frequency in a frequency
counter
24.
Importance
of gate time in frequency counter
25.
How
is trigger time error reduced
L-5
1.
Data
loggers
2.
What
is the velocity of light in a glass with an index of refraction of 1.38?
3.
Draw
the block diagram of Digital Data Acquisition System
4.
Key
features of fully automatic digital instruments
5.
Handshake
signals in the IEEE 488 bus system
6.
Applications
of OTDR
7.
Data
acquisition system
8.
Compare
analog and digital data acquisition systems
9.
Numerical
aperture
10.
Data
acquisition system
11.
How
much loss will be experienced if a fiber of numerical aperture of 0.3 is the
source for a fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.242?
12.
Basic
operating principle of digital tape recording
13.
Three-state
bus transceiver
14.
Distinguish
between active and passive transducers
15.
List
any 4 causes of power loss in fiber-optic cables
16.
Need
for multiplexing and how is it classified
17.
Any
three instruments used in computer controlled instrumentation
18.
Specify
the analog data acquisition systems element
19.
Handshake
singles in IEEE 488 bus system
20.
Necessity
of digital interface
21.
IEEE
488 bus system
22.
Multiplexing
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